Donald Trump has promised to “turn heads” on his first day back on Monday, with few laws expected just hours after being sworn in as the 47th US president.

He gave an overview of some of the directives that have yet to be signed, saying that they will look at things like illegal immigrants, climate laws, diversity laws, group documents and more.

It is not uncommon for presidents to sign multiple executive orders upon entering office. Such orders have the force of law but may be overturned by subsequent administrations or courts.

But the scale of Trump’s proposed measures could be unprecedented, with legal challenges expected.

Here’s what you need to know.

Expulsion

Mr Trump has vowed to “start America’s largest deportation program”, from day one.

He is expected to declare a state of emergency along the country’s borders, and order the military to help secure the southern border, according to Fox News.

Mr. Trump said he would also end policies that have prevented immigration officials from carrying out terrorist attacks in churches and schools.

Any mass deportation program is expected to face operational challenges, billions in costs and numerous legal challenges.

Live in Mexico

Trump could move quickly to reimpose his “Stay in Mexico” policy, which during its first term turned back nearly 70,000 non-Mexicans who sought asylum across the border to Mexico to await trial.

Abolish the right to citizenship

Trump has called the 150-year-old right that says anyone born on US soil is an American citizen “ridiculous” and has vowed to repeal it on day one.

But doing so is much more difficult than simply passing an executive order, because birthright citizenship is clearly guaranteed by the US Constitution.

Closing borders for health reasons

A 1944 measure called Title 42 allows the US government to restrict immigration to protect public health. It was last used during the pandemic, but US media say the incoming administration is looking for an outbreak that could help justify its decision to close the southern US border with Mexico.

Drug gangs

Trump is expected to designate drug-trafficking groups as “foreign terrorist organizations”, placing them on the list alongside groups such as Al Qaeda, the so-called Islamic State and Hamas.

Build a wall

When Trump was first elected president in 2016, he signed an executive order to build a border wall. Although some parts of the wall have been built, there is still much that has not been completed, and he will try to finish what he started.

Taxes

Trump has vowed to raise tariffs on imported goods as part of his pledge to prioritize American manufacturing.

Trump has announced tariffs in his first term, including some on China that Joe Biden kept.

But this time they are promising a 10% tax on all imports, 25% on Canadian and Mexican goods and 60% on goods from China. He also said that he will start signing executive orders that put this in place on the first day.

Taxes make consumer goods more expensive and could lead to inflation, experts say. Some countries are considering retaliating.

Crypto stack

Trump has been controlling cryptocurrency and his election saw the price of Bitcoin increase by 30%.

Some believe Trump will move quickly to create a federal “Bitcoin reserve” – ​​a reserve method similar to the US reserves of gold and oil – that he said will be “permanent for the benefit of all Americans”.

Joe Biden’s climate change

The outgoing president sees a series of directives, laws and financial programs that have promoted the promotion of green jobs, pollution control and investment management as one of his biggest achievements.

Trump has shown that he wants to make more changes. He is expected to use major legislation to lift bans on drilling offshore and on federal land – fulfilling his promise to “drill, drill for children” and increase US energy production and self-sufficiency.

He has also promised to ban new wind projects and ban electric car projects.

Exit the Paris Agreement (again)

Within six months of being in office in 2017, Trump pulled out of the Paris climate accord – an international agreement designed to limit global warming.

Biden moved to the deal on his first day in office in 2021, but Trump is expected to withdraw as well.

‘Slaves’ free on Jan 6

Hundreds of people convicted after the 2021 US Capitol riots are expected to be pardoned on Monday, when Trump returns to office.

“I tend to forgive a lot of them,” he told CNN this summer. “I can’t tell anyone, because a few of them, maybe it got out of hand.”

More than 1,500 people were arrested during the event. About 600 were accused of assaulting or obstructing government officials.

In his victory speech before his inauguration on Sunday, Trump said he would release classified documents related to the assassination of President John F Kennedy in 1963, the subject of many conspiracy theories.

He said he would do the same for files related to the 1968 assassination of Senator Robert Kennedy and civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.

Ukraine war

Trump said during the campaign that he would end the dispute on the first day of his presidency. He also said that he might need six months. It is not known what he will do in his first days.

Cuba and Venezuela

Trump could use executive orders to counter Biden’s recent proposal to remove Cuba from the US list of sponsors of terrorism. He could reimpose sanctions on Venezuela. Both countries were prone to frequent temper tantrums during his first tenure.

ZA

In recent years, schools and businesses across the US have adopted policies designed to support women and ethnic minorities.

The practice, which is often classified under “diversity, equity and inclusion” (DEI), has angered many conservatives and is facing legal challenges. Trump has promised to end them and major corporations including Meta, Walmart and Amazon have already begun to withdraw their related claims.

Trump could use executive order to stop the government from giving money to schools or other organizations that have DEI programs. They can also withhold funding for educational institutions “critical race theory” (CRT).

Abortion

Like many Republican presidents before him, Trump is expected to reinstate the “Mexico City policy”, which restricts federal aid to international groups that provide abortion counseling.

He is also expected to restore an abortion law that prohibits providers of federal Title X, the low-income family planning program, from prescribing abortions to patients. The amendment took away millions of dollars from organizations that perform abortions or transfer people.

Transgender women in sports

Trump has repeatedly criticized what he calls “transgender lunacy” in schools and health care, and has specifically vowed to ban female gymnasts from competing in women’s sports.

On Sunday morning, Trump promised to issue an executive order to block the Chinese platform TikTok from being used.

His order, he said, will give them time to find a US partner to buy 50% of the company.

Trump previously supported a ban on TikTok, but recently changed his mind, pointing to the billions of people he says his videos attracted on the platform during last year’s presidential campaign.